基本の説明Overview
現在進行形は、「今まさに〜している（最中だ）」という、話している時点で進んでいる動作を表します。「今、何をしているか」を伝える形で、now（今）、right now（ちょうど今）、at the moment（ちょうど今）のような言葉がよくいっしょに使われます。The present progressive describes an action that is in progress at the moment of speaking — “in the middle of doing it.” It tells what someone is doing right now, and often appears with words like now, right now and at the moment.
形は「be動詞（am / is / are）＋ 動詞の ing 形」です。be動詞は、これまでと同じように主語によって使い分けます。「ing」が動作が進んでいる最中であることを表し、be動詞が「いま（現在）」の時間を表すと考えるとわかりやすいでしょう。The form is be-verb (am / is / are) + the -ing form of the verb. As always, the be-verb changes with the subject. A helpful way to see it: the -ing part shows that the action is in progress, while the be-verb places it in the present.
現在形との違いに注意しましょう。現在形は習慣や変わらない事実（I play tennis every Sunday.）、現在進行形は今している最中の動作（I am playing tennis now.）を表します。Be careful about the difference from the simple present. The simple present expresses habits and lasting facts (I play tennis every Sunday.); the present progressive expresses an action in progress now (I am playing tennis now.).
動詞に ing をつけるときは、語の終わり方によってつづりが変わります。次の3パターンを覚えましょう。When you add -ing, the spelling changes depending on how the verb ends. Learn these three patterns.
| 動詞の終わり方Verb ending | つけ方What to do | 例Examples |
|---|---|---|
| ふつうの動詞Most verbs | そのまま ing をつけるJust add ing | play → playing, study → studying, watch → watching |
| e で終わる動詞Verbs ending in e | e をとって ing をつけるDrop the e and add ing | make → making, write → writing, use → using |
| 「短い母音＋子音字1つ」で終わる動詞Short vowel + one consonant | 最後の子音字を重ねて ingDouble the last consonant, add ing | run → running, swim → swimming, sit → sitting |
like（好きだ）・know（知っている）・want（ほしい）・love（大好きだ）のように、動作ではなく「状態」や「気持ち」を表す動詞は、ふつう進行形にしません（I like this song. であって I am liking … ではありません）。have も「持っている」という意味のときは進行形にしませんが、「食べる」の意味なら進行形にできます（She is having lunch.）。Verbs that express a state or feeling rather than an action — like, know, want, love — are normally not used in the progressive (I like this song, not I am liking…). Have is also not used in the progressive when it means “own”, but it can be when it means “eat” (She is having lunch.).
例文で確認Example sentences
① 肯定文（今していること）1. Statements: what is happening now
② ing形のつづりに注意2. Spelling of the -ing form
③ 疑問文（〜していますか）3. Questions
④ 否定文（〜していません）4. Negatives
⑤ 現在形との違い・進行形にしない動詞5. Simple present vs. progressive; verbs not used in the progressive
確認クイズQuick check
空所に入る語を答えましょう（括弧内の動詞は、必要なら形を変えて入れます。2語になる問題もあります）。Fill in each blank. Change the form of the verb in parentheses when necessary; some answers need two words.
- Tom ___ a book now. (read)
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is reading — Tom は単数なので is。read に ing をつけて reading。Tom is singular, so is. Add -ing to read: reading. - They ___ in the pool now. (swim)
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are swimming — 主語が複数なので are。swim は m を重ねて swimming。The subject is plural, so are. Swim doubles its m: swimming. - My mother ___ lunch now. (make)
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is making — make は e をとって making。Make drops its e: making. - ___ you watching TV now?
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Are — you には are。疑問文は be動詞を文頭に出す。Use are with you. For a question, put the be-verb first. - I ___ not sleeping now.
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am — 主語が I のときの be動詞は am。（I'm not sleeping now. とも言える。）With the subject I, the be-verb is am. (I'm not sleeping now. is also fine.) - I ___ that boy. (know)
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know — know は状態を表す動詞で進行形にしない。現在形の know のままにする。Know is a state verb and is not used in the progressive. Keep the simple present, know.
おさえておきたいポイントKey points
- 現在進行形は「主語 + am / is / are + 動詞の ing形」。今まさにしている最中の動作を表すThe present progressive is subject + am / is / are + verb-ing, and describes an action in progress right now
- be動詞は主語に合わせて am / is / are を使い分けるChoose am / is / are to match the subject
- ing形のつづり：そのまま ing／e をとって ing／子音字を重ねて ing（make → making, run → running）Spelling of -ing: just add ing / drop the e and add ing / double the final consonant and add ing (make → making, run → running)
- 疑問文は be動詞を主語の前に出し、否定文は be動詞のあとに not を置くFor a question, move the be-verb before the subject; for a negative, put not after the be-verb
- 「今している最中」は現在進行形、習慣や変わらない事実は現在形を使うUse the present progressive for “right now,” and the simple present for habits and lasting facts
- like・know・want のような状態や気持ちを表す動詞は、ふつう進行形にしないVerbs of state or feeling such as like, know and want are normally not used in the progressive